Question 1

Step 1: Convert the Red channel (154)

Accepted Answer

Divide 154 by 16. 
154 / 16 = 9.625. 
The integer quotient is 9. This is the first character.
To find the remainder, multiply the decimal portion (0.625) by 16. 
0.625 × 16 = 10. 
In hexadecimal, the value 10 is represented by the letter 'A'. This is the second character.
Red HEX value = 9A.

Question 2

Step 2: Convert the Green channel (205)

Accepted Answer

Divide 205 by 16. 
205 / 16 = 12.8125. 
The integer quotient is 12. In hexadecimal, 12 is represented by 'C'.
Multiply the decimal (0.8125) by 16. 
0.8125 × 16 = 13. 
In hexadecimal, 13 is represented by 'D'.
Green HEX value = CD.

Question 3

Step 3: Convert the Blue channel (50)

Accepted Answer

Divide 50 by 16. 
50 / 16 = 3.125. 
The integer quotient is 3. 
Multiply the decimal (0.125) by 16. 
0.125 × 16 = 2. 
Blue HEX value = 32.

Question 4

Step 1: Normalize the RGB values to a scale of 0 to 1.

Accepted Answer

R' = 154 / 255 = 0.6039
G' = 205 / 255 = 0.8039
B' = 50 / 255 = 0.1960

Question 5

Step 2: Find the Maximum and Minimum values among R', G', and B'.

Accepted Answer

Max = 0.8039 (which is G')
Min = 0.1960 (which is B')
Calculate the difference (Delta) between Max and Min: 
Delta = 0.8039 - 0.1960 = 0.6079.

Question 6

Step 3: Calculate Lightness (L).

Accepted Answer

The formula for Lightness is: (Max + Min) / 2.
L = (0.8039 + 0.1960) / 2 = 0.49995.
Multiply by 100 to get the percentage: 49.995%, which rounds to 50%.

Question 7

Step 4: Calculate Saturation (S).

Accepted Answer

If Delta is 0, Saturation is 0. Otherwise, the formula depends on Lightness. 
S = Delta / (1 - |2 × L - 1|).
First, calculate the absolute value portion: |2 × 0.49995 - 1| = |0.9999 - 1| = |-0.0001| = 0.0001.
Next, subtract from 1: 1 - 0.0001 = 0.9999.
Finally, divide Delta by this result: 0.6079 / 0.9999 = 0.6079.
Multiply by 100 to get the percentage: 60.79%, which rounds to 61%.

Question 8

Step 5: Calculate Hue (H).

Accepted Answer

The formula for Hue depends on which color channel is the Maximum. 
Since Green is the Maximum, the formula is: 60 × (((B' - R') / Delta) + 2).
H = 60 × (((0.1960 - 0.6039) / 0.6079) + 2).
H = 60 × ((-0.4079 / 0.6079) + 2).
H = 60 × (-0.6710 + 2).
H = 60 × 1.3290 = 79.74 degrees.
Round to the nearest whole number: 80 degrees.

Question 9

Step 1: Normalize the RGB values to a scale of 0 to 1.

Accepted Answer

R' = 154 / 255 = 0.6039
G' = 205 / 255 = 0.8039
B' = 50 / 255 = 0.1960

Question 10

Step 2: Calculate the Key (Black) channel.

Accepted Answer

The formula for Key is: 1 - Max(R', G', B').
The maximum normalized value is G' (0.8039).
K = 1 - 0.8039 = 0.1961.
Multiply by 100 to get the percentage: 19.61%, which rounds to 20%.

Question 11

Step 3: Calculate the Cyan (C) channel.

Accepted Answer

The formula for Cyan is: (1 - R' - K) / (1 - K).
C = (1 - 0.6039 - 0.1961) / (1 - 0.1961).
C = 0.2 / 0.8039 = 0.2487.
Multiply by 100 to get the percentage: 24.87%, which rounds to 25%.

Question 12

Step 4: Calculate the Magenta (M) channel.

Accepted Answer

The formula for Magenta is: (1 - G' - K) / (1 - K).
M = (1 - 0.8039 - 0.1961) / (1 - 0.1961).
M = 0 / 0.8039 = 0.
Multiply by 100 to get the percentage: 0%.

Question 13

Step 5: Calculate the Yellow (Y) channel.

Accepted Answer

The formula for Yellow is: (1 - B' - K) / (1 - K).
Y = (1 - 0.1960 - 0.1961) / (1 - 0.1961).
Y = 0.6079 / 0.8039 = 0.7561.
Multiply by 100 to get the percentage: 75.61%, which rounds to 76%.

Question 14

What is the difference between HEX and RGB?

Accepted Answer

HEX and RGB are not different color models; they are different ways of writing the exact same data. RGB uses Base-10 numbers (0 to 255) to represent the intensity of red, green, and blue light channels. HEX uses Base-16 alphanumeric characters (00 to FF) to represent those exact same intensities in a shorter, more compact format. Both systems describe the same 16.7 million colors and render identically on a digital screen.

Question 15

Why does my printed document look drastically different from my screen?

Accepted Answer

Screens emit light using the additive RGB model, allowing for highly vibrant, luminous colors. Printers use chemical inks based on the subtractive CMYK model, which absorb light and have a significantly smaller color gamut. Many bright blues, neon greens, and intense reds that exist in RGB simply cannot be reproduced with physical ink, causing the printer to substitute them with duller, darker CMYK equivalents.

Question 16

When writing CSS, should I use HEX, RGB, or HSL?

Accepted Answer

The choice depends entirely on your architectural needs. Use HEX for static, base colors because it is concise and easy to copy-paste from design files. Use RGB (specifically RGBA) when you need to apply opacity to a color but are working in legacy environments that do not support 8-character HEX codes. Use HSL when you need to programmatically manipulate colors, such as generating hover states, active states, or dark mode themes by dynamically adjusting the lightness or saturation values.

Question 17

What does the 'A' stand for in RGBA and HSLA?

Accepted Answer

The 'A' stands for Alpha, which represents the alpha channel controlling the opacity of the color. It is typically expressed as a decimal value between 0.0 and 1.0, or as a percentage from 0% to 100%. An alpha value of 1.0 means the color is completely solid and opaque, while a value of 0.5 means the color is 50% transparent, allowing the background elements to visually bleed through the color.

Question 18

How many colors can the HEX system actually produce?

Accepted Answer

The standard six-character HEX system can produce exactly 16,777,216 unique colors. This mathematical certainty comes from the fact that HEX is a representation of 24-bit RGB. Each of the three color channels (Red, Green, Blue) has 256 possible values (from 00 to FF). Multiplying 256 × 256 × 256 yields 16,777,216. This covers the vast majority of the color spectrum visible to the human eye.

Question 19

Is it possible to convert CMYK back to RGB perfectly?

Accepted Answer

No, converting CMYK back to RGB is a "lossy" process. Because the RGB gamut is much larger than the CMYK gamut, converting RGB to CMYK often forces vibrant colors to be permanently compressed into duller equivalents. If you take that dull CMYK color and convert it back to RGB, the math cannot magically guess what the original, vibrant RGB values were. The data is permanently lost, which is why designers always keep original RGB master files.

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